Cell Organelles/Homeostasis

ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE OF CELLS.

The cell theory

• Cell is basic unit of living things.
• All organisms are made of cells.
  
• All cells come from other cells.
  

IMAGE OF PLANT CELL

IMAGE OF ANIMAL CELL

There are two BASIC CELL TYPES: eukaryote and prokaryote.


INTERACTIVE ANIMATION
OF
PROKARYOTE VS EUKARYOTE

-Eukaryote cells have nucleus
-Prokaryote cells DO NOT have a nucleus. ONLY bacteria are prokaryote.

Functions of some cells in eukaryote organisms
(The roles that some of your cells play in the body)

• red blood cells carry oxygen to cells and carry carbon dioxide to the lungs.
• White blood cells fight germs like viruses and bacteria.
• Muscle cells specialize in contraction and are used for movement.
• Nerve cells carry nerve signals or nerve impulses that are used for communication.
  

Organelles are membrane bound structures found inside eukaryote cells. (Little organs inside the cell)
HARE ARE SOME OF THE ORGANELLES FOUND INSIDE THE CELL.

THE NUCLEUS

Nucleus: Holds the DNA and directs or controls all activities needed to maintain homeostasis. (found in both in plant and animal cells)
Nucleolus: makes ribosomes (located inside the nucleus)

THE RIBOSOMES

Ribosomes: make proteins or is involved in protein synthesis. (found in all cells) looks like dots

THE MITOCHONDRIA

Mitochondria: converts glucose and oxygen into a form of energy usable by the cell called ATP. (found in both plant and animal cells)

Cell respiration: is the process that occurs inside the mitochondria where glucose is converted into a form of energy usable by the cell called "ATP".


The formula for cell respiration is: O2 + glucose Change to: ATP + CO2 + H2O

THE CHLOROPLAST

Chloroplast: a structure found in plant cells that converts sunlight, carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This process is called photosynthesis.
(found only in photosynthetic organisms, mostly plants)

PHOTOSYNTHESIS VIDEO


VIDEO OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS2

ANIMATION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS3

The formula for photosynthesis is: Light + CO2 + H2O Change to: O2 + glucose

THE CELL MEMBRANE

Cell Membrane: controls what goes in and out of the cell. (found in all cells)

CHECK THIS INTERACTIVE (construction of the cell membrane)

Cell Wall: structure that makes up the outside border of plant cells, which helps the cell maintain its shape. (found in plant cells)

THE VACUOLE

Vacuole: structure found in plant cells that stores materials. (found in plant cells)

Lysosomes: have digestive enzymes that breakdown things like bacteria, viruses and old organelles.

Golgi Apparatus: Is considered the post office of the cell. It receives, stores, modifies, packages and ships newly synthesized or newly made proteins to different destinations in the cell. VIDEO OF THE GOLGI

THE ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum(RER): Organelle that forms a network of tubules. The RER is an extension of the nuclear envelop. It appears grainy because it is studded with ribosomes. This structure is involved in protein synthesis and export.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum(SER): This structure is involved in lipid and steroid synthesis, metabolizes carbohydrates and steroids, regulates calcium concentration and is also involved in detoxification.


Receptors: are special proteins found on cell surface and they are used for communications. They interact with hormones from the endocrine glands and neurotransmitters from nerve cells.

INSIDE A CELL

CELLS ALIVE

CELL GAMES AND QUIZZES


CLICK HERE TO SEE ANIMATION OF RECEPTORS.


INTERACTIVE PARTS OF THE CELL


POWER POINT PRESENTATION OF CELL RESPIRATION & PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Enzymes: are special proteins that make it easier for chemical reactions to occur inside an organism. How well an enzyme works depends on environmental factors such as pH and temperature.

INTERACTIVE ENZYME1



ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON ENZYME ACTIVITIES

pH AND ENZYME FUNCTION

WHAT PROCESSES CONTROL THE FLOW OF MATERIALS IN AND OUT OF THE CELL?

• Diffusion is a process that allows materials to move in and out of the cell based on their concentration. Diffusion occurs when molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without using any energy. The molecules bounce against each other and spread. The molecules must be small enough to go through the holes in the cell membrane.
  

• Active transport is process that allows molecules to move in and out of the from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration and requires energy and the assistance of a transport protein.
  

To learn more, click this link. CELL ANIMATION VIDEO

Another cell animation CELL ANIMATION

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